唐古忒州——額濟納旗

2013-11-07 08:12

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　　額濟納，與馬可波羅元朝時記錄的"亦集乃"同義，現標準的土爾扈特蒙古語中還是稱其為"亦集乃"當地額濟納土爾扈特蒙古語稱為"先祖之地",也被國外一些歷史研究專家稱為最早匈奴的首都；（參考：喬治瓦特《消失的姆大陸》，北邊是蒙古國諾顏烏拉，出土有大量匈奴單于的墳墓和歷史遺物，約為4000--6000年前）。

　　著名旅行家馬可波羅曾經在《馬可波羅行紀》中對額濟納有如下記載："…從甘州城出發，如果騎行十六天，就到了亦集乃（Edzina）城。該城在荒漠戈壁的邊界，隸屬于唐古忒州，居民都是偶像教徒，大多有駱駝和各種家畜，以農業和畜牧業為生，但他們并不從事商業活動。當地聚居著大量的鷹。旅行之人最好在該城預備好四十天的干糧，因為離開此城之后，向北走就進入了沙漠。前行四十天，冬季酷寒無比，沿途荒無人煙，也不見任何草木；只有夏季的時候才偶爾看見有人，也能看見野獸的足跡，因為有幾處小松林。"

　　《元史》卷六十《地理志》記載："亦集乃路在甘州北一千五百里，城東北有大澤，西北俱接沙磧，乃漢之西海郡居延故城。夏國嘗立威福軍，元太祖二十一年內附。至元二十三年（1286）立總管府。同年以新軍二百人鑿合即渠于亦集乃地，計屯田九十余頃。"

(責任編輯：鄭文)

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